Reading


 * //Scroll down for Reading Resources//

There are three principles of reading instruction for all children:
 * 1) Teach phonemic awareness and phonics explicitly, systematically, and early (kindergarten and grade1).
 * 2) Provide frequent opportunities for guided, oral reading.
 * 3) Teach vocabulary and a variety of strategies for comprehension.

When teaching at-risk children to read, you must:
 * Teach phonemic awareness skills early.
 * Teach sound-spelling associations explicitly and in a careful sequence.
 * Teach sounding out and blending directly.
 * Use decodeable text for practice.
 * Read good literature to students for language comprehension.

Principles of remediation for students with persistent problems learning to read:
 * Base instruction on assessment
 * Use systematic, cumulative, explicit, direct, and multi-sensory instruction
 * Use guided discovery and guided practice
 * Teach for mastery and automaticity

**Reading Assessment**
Think of assessment as the asking of questions.

Three general questions to keep in mind:
 * 1) Can the child understand oral language?
 * 2) Can the child decode text fluently and automatically?
 * 3) Does the child understand the strategies involved in the comprehension of the written text?

Use the "big 5" to guide assessment
 * phonemic awareness
 * phonics
 * vocabulary
 * fluency
 * comprehension

To learn more about the different components, review the following PowerPoint slides:

 * **Component** || **PowerPoint** ||
 * Phonological Awareness || [[file:Phonological Awareness.ppt]] ||
 * Phonics || [[file:Phonics.ppt]] ||
 * Fluency || [[file:Fluency.ppt]] ||
 * Vocabulary || [[file:Vocabulary.ppt]] ||
 * Comprehension || [[file:Comprehension.ppt]] ||

Researched Based Reading Programs
 * Direct, Explicit and Systematic
 * Differentiated materials that address the needs of the students
 * Flexible Grouping based on assessments
 * Address the Big 5 Components of Reading

**To learn more, review the following documents:**

 * **Topic** || **Document** ||
 * Conversion Guide for Leveled Text || [[file:Conversion Guide for Leveled Texts.doc]] ||
 * Strategies for Helping Struggling Readers || [[file:Strategies to Help Readers.ppt]] ||
 * Leveling Chart || [[file:Reading Levels Chart.doc]] ||
 * Glossary of Reading Terms || [[file:Glossary of Reading terms.pdf]] ||
 * Reading Skill Sheet || [[file:Reading.pdf]] ||
 * Guide to Analyzing a Core Reading Program: Grades: K-3 || [[file:elementary-review.pdf]] ||
 * Planning and Evaluation Tool for Effective School-wide Reading Programs (Adolescents) || [[file:adolescent-review.pdf]] ||

//Some resources (not a limited list) of things that you can use to provide instructional interventions include://
 * Reading Resources**

Company || Cost || Awareness || Phonics || Fluency || Vocabulary || Comprehension || General ||^  ||^   ||^   || Author: Yvette Zgone || X ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || Book of activities and assessments dealing with phonological awareness. The focus of the activities is for grades K-2. However, the activities can be used for older students who are struggling with a below grade level area. || Crystal Springs Books || $$ || Author: Joe Witt & Ray Beck ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || X || Provides a functional assessment procedure designed to help teachers determine if the student CAN’T DO IT…OR WON’T DO IT. Then helps to link assessment data with interventions || Sopris West || $$ || File || Free || || Free ||
 * Resources/Programs |||||||||||| Areas || Description || Publisher/
 * ^  || Phonemic
 * Florida Center for Reading Research || X || X || X || X || X || X || [|www.fcrr.org] (click on “Instructional materials for Teachers”) The website provides a wealth of research-based center activities for teaching literacy. The focus of the activities is for grades K-5. However, the activities can be used for middle school students who are struggling with a below grade level area. Each activity provides an objective, materials needed (including masters for duplicating), description of the activity, and extensions and adaptations. || Website || Free ||
 * *Intervention Central ||  || X || X ||   || X ||   || [|www.interventioncentral.org] (click on academic resources) Intervention Central provides a variety of researched-based intervention resources. || Website || Free ||
 * Sounds in Action: Pholological Awareness Activities and Assessment
 * *Phonics Dance (program) || X || X ||  ||   ||   ||   || The Phonics Dance is a quick & easy way for primary grade educators to teach phonics & increase the reading & writing skills of each & every student. The six-step program offers learning through cost free strategies that incorporate rhyme, movement & chant. Building on phonemic awareness, students become confident, successful writers. In the process they develop strong decoding skills through the use of “hunking & chunking” to build poise & fluency in reading. || Phonics Dance || $$ ||
 * *One-Minute Academic Functional Assessment and Interventions
 * *RtI Intervention Manual || X || X || X || X || X ||  || A compilation of collected interventions that are represented through various levels of intensity and categories || PDF
 * READ 180 ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   || X || A comprehensive reading intervention program designed to meet the needs of struggling readers in transitional Grades 3-12. The program directly addresses individual needs through differentiated instruction, adaptive and instructional software, high-interest literature and non-fiction, and direct instruction in reading, writing, and vocabulary skills. The software analyzes, monitors, tracks, & reports on student accuracy, noting not only incorrect answers, but also the types of errors made and the time of the response. According to how the student performs, the software continually adjusts instruction offering students immediate feedback. || Scholastic || $$ ||
 * The Savvy Teacher's Guide: Reading Interventions that Work ||  ||   ||   ||   || X || X || Provides techniques that promote Error Correction, Reading Fluency, Text Comprehension || Intervention Central
 * Critical Reading Deep Reading Strategies for Expository Texts: Teacher Guide 7-12 ||  ||   ||   ||   || X ||   || This guide contains the AVID critical reading strategies. There should be copies located in all 6-12 schools. || AVID || $$ ||